Time-travel is real

Jassim Taqui

Recalling my peculiar journey in time and space since my teenage. It was a four-dimensional world, full of ideas, imagination, and fantasy. I could move around all the space, sometimes alone, and at times with many. I could travel from time to time and place to place along with contrasting characters.

I opted for simplicity despite complex characters moving in various orbits. They used to look at me with surprise. I could sense them feeling pity for me. However, I felt pity for them since they knew not what was happening and my inner happiness while traveling in time and space.

At that time, I was not aware of travel in time. At that time I did not know time travel. I was not yet exposed to Quantum mechanics and the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg. I was not acquainted with the variety of mathematical inequalities that asserted a fundamental limit to the accuracy with which the values for certain pairs of physical quantities of a particle such as position and momentum can be predicted from initial conditions.

Yet, I could experience all that through recurring dreams since my teenage. The dream was centered on the invasion of my beloved city Basra. When that did happen in 1990, I was in tears, surrounded by my wife and children in Islamabad. I reacted by narrating to them my dream. The pictures I saw on the CNN of the invasion of Basra were a replicate of what I foresaw and felt. As I expected and hoped they believed me.

 All that time, my brain was a self-organizing system that combined discontinuous events into the continuous narrative and put a system of time travel and a mechanism of seeing through walls, tricks, concealed cameras, and listening devices.

I could see other things as well; the contrastive nature of complex characters around me. I could read the minds of those whom I love and act swiftly to induce a change of their perception towards me with my willpower and ability to function in time and space.

In this unique cycle of events, my brain could travel in time and space at will and whenever I feel the urge and the fantasy to see my loved ones.

My brain remains super-active, capable of changing events in a self-imposed principle that centers on good and decent, that abhors evil and everything associated with it.

From this comes the spiritual elevation, salvation, and the ascendency to the higher orbits with utmost ease; for the soul has been separated from the body.

 Donald Armin Blome nominated US Ambassador to Pakistan

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 24,  2021: United States President Joe Biden is nominating Donald Armin Blome, an expert on Middle East affairs, as his new 'Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan', the White House announced Tuesday.

Ambassador Blome most recently served as Chargé d’affaires at the Libya External Office in Tunis, Tunisia.  Ambassador Blome also served as Consul General at the U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem, from 2015 – 2018.

Previously, he served the Department of State as Director, Office of Arabian Peninsula Affairs (2013 – 2015), Political Counselor, Embassy Kabul, Afghanistan (2012-2013), Minister-Counselor for Economic and Political Affairs, Embassy Cairo, Egypt (2009-2012).  He also served as the Civilian Co-Director, Multinational Force Strategic Engagement Cell, Baghdad, Iraq (2007-2008) and as Political Counselor, Embassy Kuwait (2006-2007).  

He served as Israel Desk Officer and Deputy Director in the Office of Israel and Palestinian Affairs (2001-2004). 

Other assignments include Iran Desk Officer and overseas tours in Jordan and Saudi Arabia.  Before joining the Foreign Service, he practiced law in Chicago, Illinois.

Ambassador Blome earned a B.A. and a J.D. from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.  He is married to Debra Blome, and they have three children.

 

 

 International Rural Women’s Day

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 24,  2021: Marking the international rural women’s day on October 15, 2021, Growth for Rural Advancement and Sustainable Progress, a project funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Trade Centre, and Research and Development Foundation (RDF) signed an MoU. The organizations will work together to uplift the rural women SMEs to increase business opportunities and employability and eradicate poverty.

Ms. Syeda Shehla Raza, Minister Women Development Government of Sindh, was the chief guest, and officials from International Trade Centre, RDF, and the government agriculture department came together to mark a partnership between the two organizations. She supported GRASP’s initiatives of linking rural women entrepreneurs to the male-populated markets, and highly appreciated the initiative of distributing digital devices to the women entrepreneurs to sell their products.

Mr. Robert Skidmore, ITC’s Chief of the Sector and Enterprise Competitiveness highlighted how improving the competitiveness of Small and Medium Companies can have a broad-based socio-economic impact.

Provincial Lead GRASP Ms. Shabnam Baloch stated that ‘Women are the face of farming, if the obstacles in their way are removed to access and own the land, get connected with the markets and are provided suitable working conditions, they will thrive as agri-business entrepreneurs.’

Dr. Kaiser Bengali, an economist and policy expert highlighted how entrenched gender roles in Pakistan can create obstacles for women to sell their crops in the market, especially when their mobility is controlled by obsolete cultural practices.

Mr. Ashfaq Soomro, Head of RDF shared RDF’s achievements for GRASP during the Covid-19 response, where a large number of women were trained around entrepreneurship, connected with the market, use digital spaces and earn from their work.

The theme for the International Day of Rural Women, “Rural Women Cultivating Good Food for All, highlights the essential role that rural women and girls play in the food systems of the world.

From the production of crops to processing, preparing, and distributing foods, women’s labor – paid and unpaid – feeds their families, communities, and the world. Yet, they do not wield equal power with men, and as a result, they earn less income and experience higher food insecurity. The United Nations' International Day of Rural Women celebrates and honors women and girls living in rural areas on 15 October each year. It recognizes the huge role that rural mothers, daughters, and grandmothers play in producing food, and building agricultural and rural development worldwide.

GRASP is working to help small and medium-sized enterprises in horticulture and livestock become more competitive by making improvements at all levels of the value chain. The project especially focuses on empowering women by bringing them into the conversation, creating jobs, and strengthening women’s organizations, by providing producers with targeted services, such as access to market information, credit, and training. It also supports firms in processing commodities into value-added goods, adopting better technology, and building efficient and inclusive supply chains.

RDF will implement GRASP in increasing capacities of SMEs to add value through compliance with food safety in 12 districts across Sindh and ensure rural women's development across selected areas.

 

 

 

 The United Nations Day

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 23,  2021: The following is the message of the UNSG His Excellency Antonia Guterres on the occasion of United Nations Day:

Seventy-six years ago, the United Nations was created as a vehicle of hope for a world emerging from the shadow of catastrophic conflict.

Today, the women and men of the UN carry this hope forward around the globe.

COVID-19, conflicts, hunger, poverty, and the climate emergency remind us that our world is far from perfect.

But they also make clear that solidarity is the only way forward.

We need to come together to tackle great challenges and advance Sustainable Development Goals.  

By ensuring that every person, everywhere, has access to COVID-19 vaccines sooner rather than later.

By securing and upholding the rights and dignity of all people — especially the poorest and most disadvantaged, girls and women, and children and young people.

By seeking an end to the conflicts that scar our world. 

By making bold climate commitments to save our planet — and living up to them.

And by building global governance that is more inclusive, networked, and effective — as detailed in my recent report, Our Common Agenda. 

The values that have powered the UN Charter for the last 76 years — peace, development, human rights, and opportunity for all — have no expiry date.

As we mark UN Day, let’s unite behind these ideals, and live up to the full promise, potential, and hope of the United Nations.   

 

 

 

Taliban lauds suicide bombers

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 22,  2021: In a shocking development, the Taliban hosted an event on Monday for male relatives of suicide bombers in a luxury hotel in Kabul. The acting government called them “heroes of Islam” and handed over cash and land to their families.

The event was in the memory of bombers who killed themselves in their service against officials of the previous government and its Western allies.

According to Taliban spokesperson Qari Saeed Khosty, Sirajuddin Haqqani, the acting interior minister, met with the team of suicide bombers.

Khosty shared a few pictures on Twitter of the event. Haqqani greeted the families of suicide bombers who had killed themselves and posed for photographs with them.

“In his speech, the minister praised the Jihad and sacrifices of the martyrs and Mujahidin and called them heroes of Islam and the country,” said Khosty.

Families, he said, of the suicide bombers were given clothing, $125, and promised plots of land.

Sirajuddin Haqqani is the head of the Haqqani Network. He has been designated a “global terrorist” by the US and has a $10 million bounty on his head.

By this move, the Taliban only confirms the UN report that classifies it as a “terrorist outfit” and blocks in the process any initiative to recognize the movement.

Suicide attacks thousands of innocent people while Holy Quran proclaims,” If anyone kills a human soul, it would be as if he killed the whole mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind” Al-Maida verses 32-33.

 

 

 

 UNICEF and Covid-19

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 21,  2021: Cold chain optimization equipment worth USD 6.59 million funded by the Government of Japan and procured through the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) for enhancing national capacity to store COVID-19 vaccines, was handed over to the Government of Pakistan, here today.

 The Parliamentary Secretary on Health, Dr. Nausheen Hamid received the cold chain equipment from the Ambassador of Japan, H.E. Mr. MATSUDA Kuninori, in presence of the UNICEF Representative in Pakistan, Ms. Aida Girma, at a ceremony held in the National Emergency Operation Centre, Expanded Programme for Immunization (EPI). 

 “We greatly value the significant contributions made by Japan during the last 70 years of its diplomatic relations with Pakistan,” said Dr. Nausheen Hamid. “Over the years, our two countries have partnered in various sectors including health, education, power, and many others. I affirm our strong desire to further deepen and broaden our bilateral ties with Japan.”

 “The Expanded Programme for Immunization in Pakistan has a strong cold chain system that is considered the backbone of the program as it handles and stores massive quantities of vaccines inclusive of all kinds of COVID-19 vaccines. It is, however, important to know that the cold chain system can be risky in countries that have extreme temperatures and the power supply is unreliable. I am grateful to the Government of Japan for providing this cold chain optimization equipment for vaccine storage and ensuring quality check as it would strengthen our existing system,” she added. 

 The equipment procured through funds from Japan includes power generators, voltage regulators, and temperature monitoring devices which will enhance the vaccine storage capacity of EPI, especially at provincial and district levels where power outage and voltage fluctuation is frequent. The new equipment would help to ensure optimum temperature control at storage facilities thus maintaining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.  

Japanese funds will also be used for strengthening the capacity of health care staff to handle the cold chain equipment. 

 Japan has extended a total of $23.5 million grant assistance to Pakistan for its counter-COVID19 measures including provision of hygiene items, medical equipment, and training of health care staff.

Speaking at the event, Ambassador MATSUDA stressed that Japan has prioritized the health sector as part of its development cooperation policy for Pakistan for decades, including Maternal & Child Health, Polio Eradication, Routine Immunization, and Counter-COVID-19 measures. He expressed his hope to open a new area of cooperation in the future partnership between Japan and Pakistan in the health sector, suggesting that tackling diabetes could be one of the candidates.

  “I am looking forward to seeing a new chapter added to the friendship between Japan and Pakistan on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries next year,” the ambassador said. 

 As part of the COVID-19 pandemic response, UNICEF has been assisting the Government of Pakistan in procuring COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX facility. It has also procured cold chain, laboratory, and personal protective equipment and handed it over to the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations, and Coordination.

 “Today’s ceremony reinforces the high level and longstanding support of the Government of Japan to UNICEF in its efforts to procure vaccines and essential equipment for strengthening immunization services in Pakistan,” said Aida Girma, UNICEF Representative in Pakistan.

 “May it be routine immunization or the large-scale COVID-19 vaccination drive, storage of vaccines at optimum temperature is essential to maintain their efficacy and effectiveness. The cold chain support equipment being handed over to the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations, and Coordination today, will help in making vaccines available to people across the country, especially the marginalized and those living in hard-to-reach areas,” Ms. Girma said.

 

 

 

 UNICEF and UNESCO

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 20,  2021: The education of more than 800 million children – 400 million in South Asia, 260 million in East Asia, and 140 million in Southeast Asia – across Asia has been disrupted due to school closures since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, and of that number, more than 27 million children have been waiting for more than a year to return to their classrooms, according to the report, ‘Situation Analysis on the Effects and Responses to COVID-19 on the Education Sector in Asia’ (hereafter ‘Report’ or ‘SitAn Report’), released today by UNICEF and UNESCO. 

The Report highlights the continued impact of the pandemic on children’s education and features various regional government programs and initiatives to respond to it. At a time of the year when children traditionally should have returned to school from annual holidays, the report urges governments to reopen schools as soon as it is safe to do so.

Responding to the advent and spread of the pandemic in 2020, schools in Asia were fully closed on average for 50 percent of teaching days. In some countries, for example, the Philippines schools have been closed throughout the entire pandemic to date, leaving an estimated 27 million students in pre-primary to secondary education without any in-person learning, a continuous period running from early 2020 to the present for over a year and counting. In Bangladesh, schools have been closed throughout the entire pandemic until 12 September, when they reopened again.

Even now, as the world enters the last quarter of 2021, many children are facing an unprecedented second year of school closures as new variants of the coronavirus spread across the region. The associated consequences of such continuous school closures are staggering and include learning loss; mental distress; missed school meals and routine vaccinations; heightened risk of drop out of structured education; increased, child labor; and increased child marriage. Many of these dire consequences are already affecting countless children, and many will continue to be felt in the years to come.

“We cannot overlook the impact that the disruption of education services has had on children, particularly the most vulnerable. When schools remain closed, children miss out on the biggest opportunity to learn and develop to their full potential. The future of an entire generation is at stake; therefore, we need every effort to ensure a safe reopening of schools as soon as possible. Otherwise, the learning loss will be difficult to overcome,” stated Marcoluigi Corsi, UNICEF Regional Director a.i. for East Asia and Pacific.

While countries across Asia are taking actions to provide students with distance learning, at least 28 percent, or 220 million pre-primary to upper secondary students in the region, are not being reached. In addition to the lack of material assets and support to access technology, other significant obstacles that prevent disadvantaged children, and many girls, from accessing distance learning during these difficult times include a generally poor learning environment, an increase in pressure to take up domestic household chores and being forced to work outside the home.

This is why the report underscores the importance of delivering equitable and inclusive distance learning at scale to reach all children during full or partial school closures while providing a package of support to ensure children’s health, nutrition, and wellbeing. It also calls on governments and partners to strengthen teaching and teacher support, address current low levels of learning and help narrow the learning divide, and protect and preserve education funding.

Unless mitigation measures are swiftly implemented, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates an economic loss of USD 1.25 trillion for Asia, which is equivalent to 5.4 percent of the region’s 2020 gross domestic product (GDP). Existing evidence shows that the cost of addressing learning gaps is lower and more effective when they are tackled early on in a crisis and that ongoing investments made in education will support economic recovery, growth, and prosperity.

“Governments, partners and the private sector will need to work together, not only to get the strategies and levels of investment right but to build more resilient, effective and inclusive systems that can deliver on the promise of education as a fundamental human right for all children, whether schools are open or closed,” said George Laryea-Adjei, UNICEF Regional Director for South Asia.

Estimates indicate that 7 million schoolchildren in Asia are at risk of dropping out of school due to the pandemic – reversing progress made in school enrolment in recent decades. According to the Report, education budgets in the region will need to increase by an average of 10 percent to catch up with such losses if Asia is to reach the education targets of the UN 2030 Agenda’s Sustainable Development Goals in the next nine years.

“While major efforts are needed to mitigate the learning loss of those children who return to school in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase, we must also remember that 128 million children in Asia were already out of school at the onset of the pandemic; this figure represents roughly half of all out-of-school children globally. This is a learning crisis which needs to be addressed,” said Shigeru Aoyagi, Director of UNESCO Bangkok.

Since the start of the pandemic, UNICEF and UNESCO have supported national governments to maintain and improve interventions to ensure continuity of children’s learning and to safely reopen and operate schools.

UNICEF and UNESCO would like to acknowledge the generous financial contribution of the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), without which this SitAn would not have been possible.

 

 

International Rural Women’s Day

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 19,  2021: Marking the international rural women’s day on October 15, 2021, Growth for Rural Advancement and Sustainable Progress, a project funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Trade Centre, and Research and Development Foundation (RDF) signed an MoU. The organizations will work together to uplift the rural women SMEs to increase business opportunities and employability and eradicate poverty.

Ms. Syeda Shehla Raza, Minister Women Development Government of Sindh, was the chief guest, and officials from International Trade Centre, RDF, and the government agriculture department came together to mark a partnership between the two organizations. She supported GRASP’s initiatives of linking rural women entrepreneurs to the male-populated markets, and highly appreciated the initiative of distributing digital devices to the women entrepreneurs to sell their products.

Mr. Robert Skidmore, ITC’s Chief of the Sector and Enterprise Competitiveness highlighted how improving the competitiveness of Small and Medium Companies can have a broad-based socio-economic impact.

Provincial Lead GRASP Ms. Shabnam Baloch stated that ‘Women are the face of farming, if the obstacles in their way are removed to access and own the land, get connected with the markets and are provided suitable working conditions, they will thrive as agri-business entrepreneurs.’

Dr. Kaiser Bengali, an economist and policy expert highlighted how entrenched gender roles in Pakistan can create obstacles for women to sell their crops in the market, especially when their mobility is controlled by obsolete cultural practices.

Mr. Ashfaq Soomro, Head of RDF shared RDF’s achievements for GRASP during the Covid-19 response, where a large number of women were trained around entrepreneurship, connected with the market, use digital spaces and earn from their work.

The theme for the International Day of Rural Women, “Rural Women Cultivating Good Food for All”, highlights the essential role that rural women and girls play in the food systems of the world.

From the production of crops to processing, preparing, and distributing foods, women’s labor – paid and unpaid – feeds their families, communities, and the world. Yet, they do not wield equal power with men, and as a result, they earn less income and experience higher food insecurity. The United Nations' International Day of Rural Women celebrates and honors women and girls living in rural areas on 15 October each year. It recognizes the huge role that rural mothers, daughters, and grandmothers play in producing food, and building agricultural and rural development worldwide.

GRASP is working to help small and medium-sized enterprises in horticulture and livestock become more competitive by making improvements at all levels of the value chain. The project especially focuses on empowering women by bringing them into the conversation, creating jobs, and strengthening women’s organizations, by providing producers with targeted services, such as access to market information, credit, and training. It also supports firms in processing commodities into value-added goods, adopting better technology, and building efficient and inclusive supply chains.

RDF will implement GRASP in increasing capacities of SMEs to add value through compliance with food safety in 12 districts across Sindh and ensure rural women's development across selected areas.

 

 The Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH):

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 18,  2021: 

The Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH):

On the blessed occasion of the birth anniversary of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Pakistan and the Muslim World in particular, and humanity in general should remember Islam’s emphasis on human rights and empowerment of women as illustrated in the last Sermon of the prophet. This sermon was delivered on the Ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H. ( 623AD) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat in Mecca. It was the occasion of the annual rites of Haj. It is also known as the Farewell Pilgrimage. After praising and thanking Allah the Prophet (PBUH.) began with the words:

"O, People! Lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen carefully to what I am saying and take these words to those who could not be present here today."

"O People! just as you regard this month, this day, this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord and that he will indeed reckon your deeds."

"Allah has forbidden you to take usury, therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequality. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all interest due to Abbas Ibn 'Aal-Muttalib is waived."

"Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived and the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiah ibn al-Harithiah."

"O men! the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to prohibit what Allah has made permissible. With Allah, the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy, there are successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and Shaban."

"Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will be able to lead you astray in big things so beware of following him in small things."

"O People it is true that you have certain rights concerning your women but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah's trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with anyone of whom you do not approve, as well never to be unchaste."

"O People! listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Haj if you can afford it."

"All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a White has no superiority over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly."

"Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and answer your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone."

"O, People! No Prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore O People! and understand words that I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and the Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go astray."

"All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly."

"O Allah, be my witness, that I have conveyed your message to Your people."

As part of this sermon, the prophet recited to them a revelation from Allah, which he had just received, and which completed the Quran, for it was the last passage to be revealed:

This day the disbeliever's despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you, your religion and fulfilled My favor unto you, and it hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam for you as your religion. (Surah 5, Ayah 3)

The sermon was repeated sentence by sentence by Safwan's brother Rabiah (RA), who had a powerful voice, at the request of the Prophet and he faithfully proclaimed to over ten thousand gathered on the occasion. Towards the end of his sermon, the Prophet asked "O people, have I faithfully delivered unto you my message?" A powerful murmur of assents "O Allah! yes!" arose from thousands of pilgrims and the vibrant words "Allahumma Na'm," rolled like thunder throughout the valley. The Prophet raised his forefinger and said: "O Allah bear witness that I have conveyed your message to your people."

 

 

 Japan PM dissolves parliament

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 17,  2021: Japan's new Prime Minister Fumio Kishida dissolved the House of Representatives on Thursday for an Oct. 31 general election that he said will set a course for the country's future as he seeks a public mandate for his government launched just last week.

The election must be held as the current term of lower house members expires on Oct. 21, and the Liberal Democratic Party led by Kishida is seeking to secure a majority with its coalition partner Komeito in the powerful chamber to better cope with COVID-19 and rejuvenate an economy damaged by it.

Given the dynamic optical system of Japan, the elections might lead to a surprise change and a more stable government.

 

 

 The Principle of Justice

Dr. Jassim Taqui

DG Al-Bab Institute for Strategic Studies

Islamabad, October 16,  2021: In this critical phase of the contemporary history of Pakistan, the hybrid ruling regime needs to pay attention to the Justice obsolete Justice System.

Drastic reform is needed to give relief to all sections of society. This is also a constitutional requirement that is guaranteed by the Constitution of Pakistan.

One aspect of the reform is the criminal justice.

Reform should include the set of laws and principles which are applied to convicted ones on their transgressions. It is one of the most important ingredients of any society in the world. It describes the offenses, punishments, procedures, and ways to punish those who violate laws of the society.

The guiding principle of the reform should be based on the guidance of Imam Ali (AS) that says, “The truth is old, and reviewing the truth is better than persisting with falsehood.”